Working together to restore the coastal ecosystems of Sal, Cabo Verde
Think about your last beach vacation. Imagine the warm glow of the sun on your face, the relaxing sound of the waves crashing on the shore, in the best way to restore the mind, body and spirit. But there's another essential piece of scenery you might not remember: the presence (or absence) of rolling sand dunes just behind you.
Although often considered simply the backdrop for a nice day at the beach, sand dunes play an important role in maintaining healthy coastal ecosystems. Not only do they serve as a home to many unique species of plants and terrestrial wildlife, but they are also instrumental in protecting inland areas from flooding and storms. Sand dunes also serve as an essential barrier against light pollution from coastal developments, which can deter sea turtles from nesting, as well as disorient hatchlings when nesting, ultimately affecting their survival.
Unfortunately, in high-tourism destinations like the island of Sal in Cape Verde, coastal ecosystems are under increasing pressure due to urbanization, sand mining, and unregulated vehicle use throughout the dune area.
The iconic stretch of beach known as Costa Fragata is no exception. A hotspot for wind and kitesurfing, it is also home to a host of native and endemic plants, many of which are listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It also provides essential habitat for the endangered loggerhead turtle, which comes ashore to nest from June through October. Increased tourism activities that degrade the area, such as quad biking and unregulated wildlife tours, have left this ecosystem severely depleted and unable to recover without human intervention to conserve it.
The success of that intervention depends on many factors, but the most important is a small but robust shrub called the Senegalese tamarisk, known locally as Tarrafe. Like many coastal plants, it adapts well to dry and windy environments: it grows close to the ground to reduce sand movement in high winds, and its robust root system allows continued growth even when parts are uprooted.
In Cape Verde it is so emblematic that many areas of the archipelago bear the name of the plant (Tarrafal). This species has a very important role in coastal ecosystems as it helps to build and strengthen large dunes. On Sal, it was traditionally used for firewood before the development of the island, which led to a drastic reduction in its population. As a result, it is now a protected species.
Together with our partners, the RIU hotels, Protected Areas and the Ministry of Agriculture and the Environment, we established an initiative to reintroduce Tarrafe into local ecosystems, through the creation of a plant nursery on the beach of the Riu Palace Santa María . With the help of staff, local authorities and hotel visitors, we have planted more than 200 specimens. Once they have reached a suitable size, we will replant them along the coast to support the regeneration of local dune ecosystems.
However, these dune ecosystems can only thrive if both residents and visitors maintain the integrity of the ecosystems. So what does this mean for the beach vacation you're planning? First, it is important to follow the designated paths and avoid trampling the dunes and vegetation just behind the beach. If you plan to go on a quad bike or any other vehicle, make sure the company conducts tours responsibly and also follows the designated paths, and don't forget to leave the beach as you found it, or even clean it up. Nature will thank you.